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  4. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

AhR

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR or AHR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The AhR is activated or inhibited by various types of exogenous and endogenous ligands. AhR is an important factor in immunity and tissue homeostasis, and structurally diverse compounds from the environment, diet, microbiome, and host metabolism can induce AhR activity, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

Endogenous ligands include indigoids, heme metabolites, eicosanoids, tryptophan derivatives, and equilenin. Exogenous ligands include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, natural compounds, and small molecule compounds. The different structures and properties of AhR ligands mean that when they combine with AhR they have distinct biological effects.

Unliganded AHR is sequestered in the cytoplasm by chaperone proteins including Hsp90, AHR-interacting protein (AIP), and p23. Upon ligand binding, AHR translocates to the nucleus and heterodimerizes with ARNT. The AHR-ARNT complex regulates transcription by binding with high affinity to specific DNA sequences termed aryl hydrocarbon response elements located in the regulatory regions of target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and TIPARP.

Cat. No. Nombre del producto Efecto Pureza Chemical Structure
  • HY-124211
    Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
    		Ligand 98.0%
    Dibenzo (a,i) pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and also a carcinogenic ligand of the TCDD (Ah) receptor. Dibenzo (a,i) pyrene binds to the TCDD (Ah) receptor in rat liver. Dibenzo (a,i) pyrene induces DNA adduct formation and upregulates the protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in diploid lung fibroblasts. Dibenzo (a,i) pyrene alters the cell cycle distribution of diploid lung fibroblasts, increasing the proportion of cells in the S phase, decreasing the proportions of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, and causing S phase delay/arrest. Dibenzo (a,i) pyrene is applicable for cancer research.
    Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
  • HY-112629
    PDM2
    		Antagonist 98.96%
    PDM2 is a selective, high-affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist with an Ki of 1.2±0.4 nM.
    PDM2
  • HY-B0311A
    Carbidopa monohydrate
    		Modulator 99.84%
    Carbidopa ((S)-(-)-Carbidopa) monohydrate, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease. Carbidopa monohydrate is a selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulator. Carbidopa monohydrate inhibits pancreatic cancer cell and tumor growth.
    Carbidopa monohydrate
  • HY-77278
    25-Hydroxytachysterol3
    		Agonist 98.07%
    25-Hydroxytachysterol3 is the metabolite of Vitamin D3 (HY-15398). 25-Hydroxytachysterol3 inhibits the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, stimulates the expression of differentiation- and antioxidant-related genes in keratinocytes. 25-Hydroxytachysterol3 activates vitamin D receptor (VDR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), liver X receptor α/β (LXR α/β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), stimulates the expression of CYP24A1.
    25-Hydroxytachysterol3
  • HY-N8572
    3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone
    		Antagonist 98.63%
    3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects.
    3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone
  • HY-15001G
    Stemregenin 1 (GMP)
    		Antagonist
    Stemregenin 1 (SR1) (GMP) is a GMP-grade Stemregenin 1 (HY-15001). GMP-grade small molecules can be used as adjuvants in cell therapy. Stemregenin 1 is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist with an IC50 of 127 nM. Stemregenin 1 (GMP) can competitively bind to AhR and inhibit its nuclear translocation, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion by blocking the AhR-c-src-NF-κB/p-ERK MAPK-NFATc1 signaling pathway. Stemregenin 1 (GMP) can be used for the study of osteoporosis, in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, and the study of the mechanism of bone metabolic diseases.
    Stemregenin 1 (GMP)
  • HY-111450
    CB7993113
    		Antagonist 98.0%
    CB7993113 is a potent AHR antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.33 μM. CB7993113 directly binds AHR protein and blocks AHR nuclear translocation. CB7993113 inhibits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)- and TCDD-induced reporter activity by 75% and 90% respectively.
    CB7993113
  • HY-W014701
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
    		Activator 99.60%
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is also a bacterially derived metabolite and has anti-inflammatory activity.
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
  • HY-117102
    ANI-7
    		Activator 99.01%
    ANI-7 is an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. ANI-7 inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells, and potently and selectively inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a GI50 of 0.56 μM. ANI-7 induces CYP1-metabolizing mono-oxygenases by activating AhR pathway, and also induces DNA damage, checkpoint Kinase 2 (Chk2) activation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and cell death in sensitive breast cancer cell lines.
    ANI-7
  • HY-116214
    Cyprodinil
    		Activator 98.84%
    Cyprodinil (CGA-219417) is a broad-spectrum anilinopyrimidine fungicide and an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cyprodinil also has anti-androgenic and androgenic activities. Cyprodinil can inhibit the biosynthesis of methionine in plant-pathogenic fungi and protect fruits and vegetables from a variety of pathogens.
    Cyprodinil
  • HY-D0932
    Sudan IV
    		Agonist 98.0%
    Sudan IV is an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that activates downstream signaling pathways and induces CYP1A1 expression. Sudan IV promotes CYP1A1 gene transcription by activating AhR-ARNT heterodimers and binding to exogenous response elements (XREs) on DNA, thereby enhancing drug metabolizing enzyme activity. Sudan IV can be used to study the toxicity mechanisms of industrial dyes and the effects of interactions with serum proteins (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on their distribution in vivo. Sudan IV is a fat-soluble diazo dye that can be used to stain lipids, triglycerides, and lipoproteins on frozen sections.
    Sudan IV
  • HY-G0006
    Omeprazole sulfide
    		Modulator 99.88%
    Omeprazole sulfide (Ufiprazole) is a metabolic degradation product of Omeprazole (HY-B0113). Omeprazole sulfide acts as a modulator of AhR. Omeprazole sulfide in cells with low CYP3A4 expression, functions as an AhR antagonist; however, in cells with high CYP3A4 expression, it is rapidly metabolized to Omeprazole, thereby acting as an AhR agonist. Omeprazole sulfide exhibits antibacterial activity when conjugated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Omeprazole sulfide can be used in research on acid suppression and bacterial infections.
    Omeprazole sulfide
  • HY-W028393R
    Indole-3-pyruvic acid (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Indole-3-pyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indole-3-pyruvic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indole-3-pyruvic acid, a keto analogue of tryptophan, is an orally active AHR agonist. Indole-3-pyruvic acid has antioxidant properties, and can be used in the research of inflammation, anxiety[1][2][3].
    Indole-3-pyruvic acid (Standard)
  • HY-G0007
    Omeprazole sulfone
    		Control 99.23%
    Omeprazole sulfone (Omeprazole sulphone) is one of the major circulating metabolites of Omeprazole (HY-B0113) in vivo, and belongs to class 4 non-mutagenic impurities. Omeprazole sulfone does not bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), nor does it induce the expression of CYP1A1 or CYP1A2. However, Omeprazole sulfone promotes the migration of gastric epithelial cells under basal conditions and reverses the inhibitory effect of Indomethacin (HY-14397) on cell migration. Omeprazole sulfone does not promote cell proliferation, nor does it upregulate COX-2 expression or activate signaling pathways such as ERK, P38 MAPK and PI3K. Omeprazole sulfone maintains basal ulcer healing under non-acid-dependent conditions and can be used in studies related to gastric ulcer repair.
    Omeprazole sulfone
  • HY-118438
    10-Cl-BBQ
    		Agonist 99.46%
    10-Cl-BBQ is a high affinity AhR ligand with immunosuppressive activity. 10-Cl-BBQ promotes cytosol to nuclear translocation of AhR and activates the AhR-regulated reporter gene at nanomolar concentrations.
    10-Cl-BBQ
  • HY-W011910S
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d4
    		99.9%
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d4 potassium is the deuterium labeled Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan, produced by intestinal microorganisms and combined with sulfate in the liver before entering the circulatory system. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and a urinary toxin. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate can be used for research on kidney diseases.
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W007355S
    Skatole-d3
    		Activator 99.10%
    Skatole-d3 is the deuterium labeled Skatole. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38.
    Skatole-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W011338S
    Benzyl butyl phthalate-d4
    		98.38%
    Benzyl butyl phthalate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Benzyl butyl phthalate. Benzyl butyl phthalate, a member of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), can trigger the migration and invasion of hemangioma (HA) cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Benzyl butyl phthalate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells to stimulate SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling and enhances formation of metastasis-initiating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
    Benzyl butyl phthalate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-112627
    CAY 10465
    		Agonist 98.30%
    CAY 10465 is a selective and high-affinity AhR agonist, with a Ki of 0.2 nM, and shows no effect on estrogen receptor (Ki >100000 nM).
    CAY 10465
  • HY-N4095
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a phenolic compound. Brevifolincarboxylic acid can be isolated from Duchesnea chrysantha. Brevifolincarboxylic acid inhibits α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 323.46 μM. Brevifolincarboxylic acid has an inhibitory effect on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Brevifolincarbacid scavenges ROS. Brevifolincarbacid restores the glucose uptake activity of myotubes. Brevifolincarboxylic acid has antitumor activity against lung and gastric cancer. Brevifolincarbacid can be used in the study of diabetes and inflammatory diseases.
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid
Cat. No. Nombre del producto / Synonyms Application Reactivity